GPR39 Receptor Antibodies
GPR39 (G Protein-Coupled Receptor 39) is a GPCR that is primarily activated by zinc ions and is involved in various physiological processes such as metabolism, neuroprotection, and cell survival. It is classified as an orphan receptor because it has only recently been associated with specific ligands, including zinc, and its full range of functions is still being explored. GPR39 is expressed in multiple tissues, with the highest levels in the brain, particularly in regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus. It is also found in peripheral tissues, including the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys, indicating roles in both central and peripheral functions related to neuroprotection, energy balance, and gastrointestinal motility. GPR39 is being investigated as a pharmacological target in various therapeutic areas, including neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease), metabolic disorders (like type 2 diabetes), and gastrointestinal conditions. Zinc's role in activating GPR39 suggests that modulation of this receptor could help regulate insulin secretion, cell survival pathways, and neuroinflammation. For more information on GPR39 pharmacology please refer to the IUPHAR database. For further reading refer to:
Davenport AP, Alexander SP, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga CP, Bonner TI, Neubig RR, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar AJ. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVIII. G protein-coupled receptor list: recommendations for new pairings with cognate ligands. Pharmacol Rev. 2013 May 17;65(3):967-86. doi: 10.1124/pr.112.007179. PMID: 23686350; PMCID: PMC3698937.
Alexander SP, Battey J, Benson HE, Benya RV, Bonner TI, Davenport AP, Dhanachandra Singh K, Eguchi S, Harmar A, Holliday N, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Liew WC, Monaghan AE, Mpamhanga C, Neubig R, Pawson AJ, Pin JP, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Spindel E, Stoddart L, Storjohann L, Thomas WG, Tirupula K, Vanderheyden P. Class A Orphans in GtoPdb v.2023.1. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE. 2023; 2023(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F16/2023.1.