β1-Adrenoceptor Antibodies
The β1-adrenoceptor is the dominant receptor in heart and adipose tissue. The β1-adrenoceptor is equally sensitive to noradrenaline and adrenaline. Highly selective β1-antagonists have been developed that have proved useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including hypertension, angina pectoris and congestive heart failure.β1-adrenoceptors are regulated by phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal threonine404 (pT404-ß1) and serine412 (pS412-ß1). This nomenclature refers to the human ß1. In mouse and rat β1-adrenoceptors only serine412 (pS412-ß1) is present. For more information on β1-adrenoceptor pharmacology please refer to the IUPHAR database. For further reading refer to:
Altosaar K, Balaji P, Bond RA, Bylund DB, Cotecchia S, Devost D, Doze VA, Eikenburg DC, Gora S, Goupil E, Graham RM, Hébert T, Hieble JP, Hills R, Kan S, Machkalyan G, Michel MC, Minneman KP, Parra S, Perez D, Sleno R, Summers R, Zylbergold P. Adrenoceptors (version 2019.3) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE. 2019; 2019(3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F4/2021.3.
Kobilka BK. Structural insights into adrenergic receptor function and pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Apr;32(4):213-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.02.005. Epub 2011 Mar 15. PMID: 21414670; PMCID: PMC3090711.